How to Varnish Teak The Aftica Way!

Pyrojodge

Well-Known Member
TECHNICAL Contributor
May 1, 2011
4,248
Lake Erie Ohio
Boat Info
1989 Sea Ray 340 DA
Engines
twin 454 Mercs
I know I put this in the members section but not everyone can view it. Decided to repost here to benifit everyone!

Here's a photo of my teak aboard my 340.
20110813174322-Copy.jpg


Believe it or not I did this work 5 years ago and have not done anything but put a coat of wax on it every year. It looks as good as the day I refinished them.

I've been asked to show how I did my wood so that is what I hope to show here.

We have all seen teak look like this.
badwood.jpg

Don't panic. Its going to be alright.

First you need to get to good wood. Sand the teak with a good orbital sander.

DAsander.jpg


Be sure not to use a grit stronger then 120. Anything harsher and you risk leaving swirl marks in your teak.
Once you get the loose varnish or coating off of the wood you will have gray teak and tan teak. You need to remove as much of the gray wood as you can because it will not allow the liquids to be absorbed into the wood.

*side note* when sanding the gray teak out be sure to capture some of the wood dust from this step. It will come in handy later.
I finish sanded my teak with 320 grit paper to smooth and blend everything and remove a few swirls...

OK your wood should go from the gray color to the tan color as in the photo.

new-vs-weathered-teak.jpg


Now we are ready to get down to it... Here's a list of supplies...

Pettit Captains Varnish (I purchased by the gallon but I've done a lot of wood)
captainsvarnish.jpg


Minwax Tung Oil
TungOil.jpg


Foam Brushes
SpongeBrush.jpg


Best assorted size brushes you can purchase
Brushes.jpg


Paint thinner
Thinner.jpg


Scotch Brite Pads (Red = 320 grit Grey = 500grit)
Scotch-Brite-Pads.jpg


Mixing cups
SuperCup.jpg


Alright you know what we need and here's how to use it...

So, the problem with varnish on teak is it De laminates over time, why, it really has nothing to adhere to. I solved this by using Tung oil first.

1st step Tung oil
Once the teak is clean wipe it down with a clean cloth and some thinner. let it dry. (few minuets)
Take an ounce of Tung Oil and mix with an ounce of paint thinner. mix well.
apply to your wood using foam brush be sure to use even strokes and try and take care to not get air bubbles mixed into the liquid.Also, be sure to coat the "end grain" of your wood through every step. (Let dry 8 hours.)

2nd step
Go over the wood with the RED pad to take the shine off of the coating.
Step 2 mix will be an ounce of Tung oil and half ounce of thinner.
apply in the same manner as step 1 avoid air bubbles... you should see the oils being soaked into the grains of the wood this is what you want. (let dry 8 hours)

3rd step
Rough surface with RED pad again to remove the shine.
Apply Tung oil full strength to the wood again watching for bubbles. (let dry 12 hours)

If you have any imperfections I.E. gaps, crevices, small holes now is the time to fill these.
The wood dust you saved from earlier will be an exact color match for your teak. Use the Tung oil and make a thick paste and apply it to the different anomalies. (let dry 12 to 24 hours)
sand smooth after cure.

4th step varnish
Rough surface with RED pad and remove any drips or runs you may have created.
Now we move on to the Varnish. I applied my varnish following close guidelines as the Tung oil.
Ounce of Varnish mixed with ounce of paint thinner.
apply over the wood with bristled brush and you will see the grain pop instantly with the first coat. (let dry 12 hours)

5th step
RED pad remove drips, runs, and shine.
One ounce varnish mixed with half ounce thinner... apply in manner discussed earlier. (let dry 12 hours)

6th step
RED pad process again removing drips runs and blemishes..
Brush varnish on full strength now avoiding bubbles (let dry 12 hours)

apply as many coats as you feel necessary I put on three full strength coats on my wood. Also, be sure to coat the end grains of the teak with varnish.

Just repeat step 6
On layer 6 and up you should put heavy coats of varnish on. I'm talking up to 1/16 of an inch...
on the last coat just put on a smooth layer at 1/32".

If you are having trouble with bubbles you can do a few things. It will not hurt to thin the varnish just a little to help force the bubbles out. Also try a different brush. Some materials will trap air more easily. I try and use horse hair as much as possible.

If you are unsure of the thickness I found a chart for illustration don't mind that its for leather.
ThicknessConversion.png


Last coat
Very important...
Use the GREY pad for the final scuff. It will take the shine off but will not leave lines like the RED pad.
Apply thinner coat and try to make it smooth and uniform. Again avoid air bubbles and runs as this will be your last coat.

Let dry at least 3 days before installing the wood on the boat. Be sure not to over tighten screws and fasteners as this will chip the finish and ruin your hard work.

Let dry for 15 to 30 days before applying waxes or polishes to allow the varnish to fully cure. It will be "Green" for this period.

I am very happy at the outcome and yes it is a lot of preliminary work. The final product is tough and has been great so far. The only issue I have encountered is on the swim platform grates. The sand from swimming and walking the beach has dulled the shine some but to fix this I will wipe it down with a GREY pad and give another coat. It is just slightly dull and is not necessary other then my OCD...
20110813123931-Copy-2.jpg


Hope this is informative and is able to guide you guys on how I achieved my look.
Thank you for your time and I will answer any questions that you may have.
 
great post!! thank you very much that is exactly the info I needed and will give me a great deal of work to do while other stuff is getting worked on!
 
I don't want to be a nit picker, but a 1/16" per coating thickness for varnish is too thick. The Pettit 1015 spec calls for a minimum of 4 coats with each coat having a wet film thickness of 3.1 mils (0.0031") resulting in each layer having a dry film thickness of 1.5 mils (0.0015"). Assuming a total of four coats, that would be a total dry film thickness of 0.006". While 1/16" equals 0.06", applying it all in one coat, or two is a recipe for failure. This material needs to be applied in many thin coats with 12 hours of curing time between coats. The time is needed for the VOC to out-gas and properly harden. Applying the varnish in thick coats does not allow this process to properly happen and means that out gassing will continue after subsequent coats are applied. This will lead to bubbling and eventual delamination. In this case bigger is not necessarily better. I've also found a light sanding with 300 grit between coats improves the surface condition by removing small imperfections before they can get built up by following coats.

I'd also recommend using a sander designed for woodwork and not auto body work. A good woodworker's sander will allow you to adjust cutting speed (some even allow you to switch between random orbit and rotary mode), and be equipped with a dust vacuum port that not only makes for a cleaner work space, but also keeps the sandpaper clean. Clean paper both lasts longer and does a quicker job. The difference is with a woodworkers sander you can use 60 and 80 grit paper when you have to without risking destroying your piece.

Henry
 
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Henry, thanks for the response.

I agree with the wood sander. I used the tools I had available and was pleased with my Da sander.

I understand your question of applying heavy coats. If you read through you will see the base coats are thinned.

Two the varnish will never hold to a .06" thickness. You will have drips off the wood but they are easily taken care of after drying. I applied heavy to help fill the imperfections still in the wood grain.

The Pettit 1015 spec calls for a minimum of 4 coats. Exactly minimum. I understand that I exceded the material spec but I did it on the basis of protecting the tung oil from uv exposure. As previously stated I did the work 5 + years ago and it looks as good as the day I did it with no delamination.

Maybe I can get some of the CSR members that have seen my work in person to comment.

Again, Henry thanks for the added information.
 
I just did all my teak on my weekender and i used sikkens natural teak. The po varnished and i did not like the look at all imo varnishing wood is like painting brick. I might think about varnishing if i was in salt water because it lasts longer
 
All treatments I've heard of say it must be repeated every few months. You are on to something Jason. 5 years and still good to go is great. Lots of work initialy but far less over the long haul. I have only one tip. Take breaks so you don't dehiderate.:grin:
 
Oh man an ice cold Bud Light would hit the spot right now! Thanks for the compliments. It took me a few tries to get it where I was happy but I think I finally hit it!
 
I understand what you are saying... 1/16 = .0625"... which is the thickness up to which I applied it, step 6.

You still don't get it. The manufacturer recommends four coats with a DFT of 1.5 thousandths of an inch each equal a total of six thousandths. You recommend applying multiple 1/16", or 6.25 hundredths of an inch coats. In one coat you are applying 10 times the the manufacturer's minimum thickness! Three coats at 1/16", plus a top coat of 1/32" would be 35 times the manufacturer's recommended Dry Film Thickness. While I believe in exceeding the minimum coating thickness, exceeding it by 34x is excessive.

This material is an organic compound that hardens, its not like epoxy, or body filler, that cures because of a chemical reaction. You can glop epoxy and and body filler half an inch deep and once it cures, its solid all the way through. Varnish need to be applied in thin coats so that the volatile material will evaporate. If the coating is too thick, the volatiles are trapped inside because the outer surface hardens and you end up with a hard outer shell and soft gooey center, great for candy, not so great for surface coatings. This is why varnish manufacturers and experienced woodworkers all recommend many thin coats. This ain't just me, read the instructions on any varnish can.

Henry
 
Mr. Boyd,

I do again understand what you are saying about the VOC's and this varnish not being a catalized substance. Now that being said, the manufacturer also does not suggest putting tung oil on the parts or cutting the mixture with paint thinner. There are several steps I personally tried and am very pleased with how they came out that Petit does not suggest. I can only attest to what I have done and my end product. Now with all due respect. I did this as my way to varnish and not Petits
 
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Jason that was a great job and to still look good after 5 years !! But I need to ask.....did you secure that teak using carriage bolts??
 
Jason GREAT post. Thank you for time to share! I think you did it "just right" judging from your results.


Thanks, I am very happy with it!

Jason that was a great job and to still look good after 5 years !! But I need to ask.....did you secure that teak using carriage bolts??

:smt018 too funny! hahaha
 
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Jason
That does look very good and you're getting great life out of it.
I did my cockpit table in System three product and I've been very happy. It's a catalyzed product and is very hard and shows no signs of UV of other damage.
Nehalenniacockpittable2.jpg
 
Todd, Talk about "Jaw Dropping" Your table is beautiful... WOW. Is it laser engraved? I'll check out the System Three stuff... always up for new ideas!
 
First. Thanks. Second if you go with the System3 strip it down to bare first.
 
Application Tip -

I'm not a chemist and I am not going dispute Henry Boyd's comments. And I am not certain what effect adding other coatings (chemicals) does to varnish. However, I do know a thing or two about the applicators!

When using foam brushes make sure you look for ones constructed with higher quality foam. The less expensive ones are constructed with "open cell" foam. This type of foam allows air to be trapped in the coating and when applied will leave bubbles in the finish. Higher quality foam brushes are constructed with "closed cell" foam that reduced the amount of air that can be trapped and produces a smoother finish. (Same is true for foam roller covers.)

As far as I know there are two domestic manufacturers of high quality foam brushes - The Wooster Brush Company (shameless plug) and ...... (crap, can't remember the other one :grin:.)

When using a brush to apply varnish always select one constructed with white China bristle (not a "chip" brush). China bristle is hog hair from pigs raised in China. This bristle has natural split ends and a characteristic of this bristle is that it will break off.

In the opening post there was an image of brushes constructed with black bristle. If using a black bristle brush in a clear coating, you run the risk of the black split ends that break off drying as "specs" in the finish. This could lead to sanding and refinishing the job.

If you use a white China bristle brush in a clear finish and a split end breaks off, it will dry clear and not show up in the finish.

Marine coatings (for that matter, regular paint) is quite expensive. To get the desired finish, do not skimp on the applicators.
 
Good tips Casey...

Now a favor... You have personally seen the teak on Aftica... What was your honest opinion about the final product?
 

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